Sarah Waters was born in Neyland, Pembrokeshire, and grew up in Middlesbrough. She studied English literature, taking a BA at the University of Kent, an MA at Lancaster and a PhD at Queen Mary, University of London, and went from her doctoral thesis on gay and lesbian historical fiction directly to her first novel.
Her novels are best known for their Victorian settings and lesbian heroines. All but one of her books have lesbian themes, and she does not mind being labelled a lesbian writer: she has said she writes "with a clear lesbian agenda". Her fiction mixes the sensation novel, the historical novel and the ghost story.